What is the definition of "inference"?

The correct choice defines "inference" as a conclusion drawn from evidence and reasoning. Inferences are essential in reading comprehension because they involve making logical deductions based on what is stated in the text as well as the context and the reader's own knowledge. For example, if a character in a story looks sad while their friend is happy, a reader might infer that something is bothering the sad character, even if it's not directly stated. This process of drawing deeper meanings from clues and hints in a narrative is foundational in understanding complex texts.

The other options do not accurately capture the concept of inference. For instance, stating that an inference is a conclusion drawn from explicit statements suggests that it relies solely on information that is directly stated, without considering the underlying messages. Similarly, describing it as a guess based on no evidence misrepresents the critical element of reasoning and information that supports the inference. Finally, considering an inference as a summary of main ideas confuses the notion of summarizing—repeating or condensing information—with the act of inferring, which requires interpretation beyond the text's surface level.