How can a reader differentiate between a primary and secondary source?

A reader can differentiate between a primary and secondary source by evaluating whether the content provides firsthand information or is a later analysis of that information. A primary source is an original document or firsthand account, like a diary, interview, or a piece of art, that offers direct evidence about the subject being studied. In contrast, a secondary source interprets, analyzes, or summarizes primary sources, such as textbooks, articles, or documentaries that discuss historical events or figures.

For example, if a student is examining a letter written by a historical figure, that letter is a primary source because it offers direct insight into the thoughts and experiences of the person. On the other hand, an analysis of that letter published in a history book would be a secondary source because it interprets the meaning of the letter rather than presenting the letter itself. This distinction highlights the importance of firsthand versus analyzed information in research and understanding.